Lewis Structure Of Thiocyanate Ion

Ion (S=C=N, accuse –1)

Thiocyanate
Names

Preferred IUPAC name Thiocyanate^[1]
Other names Rhodanide Sulfocyanate Sulphocyanate Thiocyanide Cyanosulfanide
Identifiers
CAS Number	302-04-5 ^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive paradigm
ChEBI	CHEBI:18022 ^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL84336 ^N
ChemSpider	8961 ^Y
IUPHAR/BPS	4529
PubChem CID	9322
UNII	O748SU14OM ^Y
InChI InChI=1S/CHNS/c2-1-3/h3H/p-one^Y Cardinal: ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-Thousand^Y InChI=one/CHNS/c2-i-3/h3H/p-ane Key: ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-REWHXWOFAX
SMILES [S-]C#N
Backdrop
Chemic formula	SCN⁻
Tooth mass	58.08 g·mol⁻¹
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard country (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Nverify (what is^{Y N} ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Thiocyanate (too known as rhodanide) is the anion [SCN]⁻ . It is the conjugate base of thiocyanic acid. Common derivatives include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. Mercury(Ii) thiocyanate was formerly used in pyrotechnics.

Thiocyanate is coordinating to the cyanate ion, [OCN]⁻ , wherein oxygen is replaced by sulfur. [SCN]⁻ is ane of the pseudohalides, due to the similarity of its reactions to that of halide ions. Thiocyanate used to be known as rhodanide (from a Greek word for rose) because of the red colour of its complexes with iron. Thiocyanate is produced by the reaction of elemental sulfur or thiosulfate with cyanide:

{\ce {8 CN- + S8 -> 8 SCN-}}

{\ce {CN- + S2O3^2- -> SCN- + SO3^2-}}

The 2nd reaction is catalyzed past thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, a hepatic mitochondrial enzyme, and by other sulfur transferases, which together are responsible for effectually 80% of cyanide metabolism in the torso.^[2]

Biological chemistry of thiocyanate in medicine [edit]

Thiocyanate^[three] is known to exist an of import part in the biosynthesis of hypothiocyanite by a lactoperoxidase.^[4] ^[5] ^[6] Thus the complete absence of thiocyanate or reduced thiocyanate^[vii] in the human trunk, (eastward.m., cystic fibrosis) is damaging to the man host defense force arrangement.^[8] ^[9]

Thiocyanate is a strong competitive inhibitor of the thyroid sodium-iodide symporter.^[10] Iodine is an essential component of thyroxine. Since thiocyanates volition decrease iodide transport into the thyroid follicular jail cell, they will decrease the corporeality of thyroxine produced by the thyroid gland. Every bit such, foodstuffs containing thiocyanate are best avoided past iodide deficient hypothyroid patients.^[11]

In the early 20th century, thiocyanate was used in the treatment of hypertension, but it is no longer used because of associated toxicity.^[12] Sodium nitroprusside, a metabolite of which is thiocyanate, is all the same however used for the handling of a hypertensive emergency. Rhodanese catalyzes the reaction of sodium nitroprusside with thiosulfate to class the metabolite thiocyanate. Thiocyanate is also a metabolite of the detoxification of cyanides by Rhodanese.

Coordination chemistry [edit]

Construction of Pd(Me₂Northward(CH_two)_threePPh_two)(SCN)(NCS).^[thirteen]

${\ce {S=C=North^{\ominus }<->{^{\ominus }S}-C}}{\ce {#N}}$

Thiocyanate shares its negative charge approximately equally betwixt sulfur and nitrogen. As a consequence, thiocyanate tin can act every bit a nucleophile at either sulfur or nitrogen — information technology is an ambidentate ligand. [SCN]⁻ tin also bridge two (M−SCN−Thou) or even iii metals (>SCN− or −SCN<). Experimental evidence leads to the general conclusion that class A metals (hard acids) tend to form Northward-bonded thiocyanate complexes, whereas class B metals (soft acids) tend to grade Southward-bonded thiocyanate complexes. Other factors, eastward.m. kinetics and solubility, are sometimes involved, and linkage isomerism tin can occur, for example [Co(NH_iii)₅(NCS)]Cl₂ and [Co(NH₃)₅(SCN)]Cl₂.^[fourteen]Information technology [SCN] is considered every bit a weak ligand. ([NCS] is a stiff ligand)^[fifteen]

Test for iron(III) and cobalt(2) [edit]

The blood-crimson colored (up) complex [Fe(NCS)(H₂O)₅]^two+ (left), indicates the presence of Atomic number 26³⁺ in solution.

If [SCN]⁻ is added to a solution with fe(III) ions, a claret-crimson solution forms mainly due to the germination of [Fe(SCN)(H₂O)₅]^two+, i.e. pentaaqua(thiocyanato-N)iron(Iii). Lesser amounts of other hydrated compounds also class: due east.chiliad. Fe(SCN)_three and [Atomic number 26(SCN)₄]⁻.^[16]

Similarly, Co²⁺ gives a blue circuitous with thiocyanate.^[17] Both the fe and cobalt complexes can be extracted into organic solvents like diethyl ether or amyl alcohol. This allows the determination of these ions even in strongly coloured solutions. The decision of Co(II) in the presence of Atomic number 26(Iii) is possible by calculation KF to the solution, which forms uncoloured, very stable complexes with Fe(Iii), which no longer react with SCN⁻.^{[ citation needed ]}

Phospholipids or some detergents help the transfer of thiocyanatoiron into chlorinated solvents like chloroform and can be adamant in this fashion.^[eighteen]

See too [edit]

Sulphobes

References [edit]

Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN978-0-08-037941-eight.

Citations [edit]

^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. pp. 784, 1069. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN978-0-85404-182-4.
^ Abraham, Klaus; Buhrke, Thorsten; Lampen, Alfonso (24 February 2015). "Bioavailability of cyanide subsequently consumption of a single meal of foods containing high levels of cyanogenic glycosides: a crossover study in humans". Archives of Toxicology. 90 (iii): 559–574. doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1479-8. PMC4754328. PMID 25708890.
^ Pedemonte, N.; Caci, E.; Sondo, Due east.; Caputo, A.; Rhoden, K.; Pfeffer, U.; di Candia, M.; Bandettini, R.; Ravazzolo, R.; Zegarra-Moran, O.; Galietta, L. J. (2007). "Thiocyanate Transport in Resting and IL-iv-Stimulated Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells: Role of Pendrin and Anion Channels". Journal of Immunology. 178 (8): 5144–5153. doi:ten.4049/jimmunol.178.viii.5144. PMID 17404297.
^ Conner, One thousand. East.; Wijkstrom-Frei, C.; Randell, Southward. H.; Fernandez, 5. Due east.; Salathe, Thousand. (2007). "The Lactoperoxidase System Links Anion Transport to Host Defense in Cystic Fibrosis". FEBS Letters. 581 (2): 271–278. doi:x.1016/j.febslet.2006.12.025. PMC1851694. PMID 17204267.
^ White, W. Eastward.; Pruitt, K. Grand.; Mansson-Rahemtulla, B. (1983). "Peroxidase-Thiocyanate-Peroxide Antibacterial System Does not Harm Dna". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 23 (ii): 267–272. doi:10.1128/aac.23.2.267. PMC186035. PMID 6340603.
^ Thomas, E. L.; Aune, T. Yard. (1978). "Lactoperoxidase, Peroxide, Thiocyanate Antimicrobial Organisation: Correlation of Sulfhydryl Oxidation with Antimicrobial Action". Infection and Amnesty. twenty (two): 456–463. doi:10.1128/IAI.twenty.2.456-463.1978. PMC421877. PMID 352945.
^ Minarowski, Ł.; Sands, D.; Minarowska, A.; Karwowska, A.; Sulewska, A.; Gacko, One thousand.; Chyczewska, East. (2008). "Thiocyanate concentration in saliva of cystic fibrosis patients" (PDF). Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica. 46 (two): 245–246. doi:10.2478/v10042-008-0037-0. PMID 18519245. ^{[ permanent dead link ]}
^ Moskwa, P.; Lorentzen, D.; Excoffon, K. J.; Zabner, J.; McCray, P. B. Jr.; Nauseef, Due west. M.; Dupuy, C.; Bánfi, B. (2007). "A Novel Host Defence System of Airways is Defective in Cystic Fibrosis". American Periodical of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 175 (2): 174–183. doi:ten.1164/rccm.200607-1029OC. PMC2720149. PMID 17082494.
^ Xu, Y.; Szép, S.; Lu, Z.; Szep; Lu (2009). "The antioxidant part of thiocyanate in the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis and other inflammation-related diseases". Proceedings of the National University of Sciences of the United states of america of America. 106 (48): 20515–20519. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10620515X. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911412106. PMC2777967. PMID 19918082. {{cite periodical}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors listing (link)
^ Braverman L. E.; He X.; Pino Southward.; et al. (2005). "The effect of perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate on thyroid office in workers exposed to perchlorate long-term". J Clin Endocrinol Metab. xc (two): 700–706. doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1821. PMID 15572417.
^ "Hypothyroidism". umm.edu. University of Maryland Medical Centre. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
^ Warren F. Gorman; Emanuel Messinger; And Morris Herman (1949). "Toxicity of Thiocyanates Used in Treatment of Hypertension". Ann Intern Med. xxx (five): 1054–1059. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-thirty-five-1054. PMID 18126744.
^ Palenik, Gus J.; Clark, George Raymond (1970). "Crystal and molecular structure of isothiocyanatothiocyanato-(one-diphenylphosphino-3-dimethylaminopropane)palladium(II)". Inorganic Chemistry. nine (12): 2754–2760. doi:10.1021/ic50094a028. ISSN 0020-1669.
^ Greenwood, p. 326
^ "coordination compounds" (PDF). {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-condition (link)
^ Greenwood, p. 1090
^ Uri, N (1947-01-01). "The stability of the cobaltous thiocyanate complex in ethyl alcohol-water mixtures and the photometric determination of cobalt". Analyst. 72 (860): 478–481. Bibcode:1947Ana....72..478U. doi:10.1039/AN9477200478. PMID 18917685.
^ Stewart, J.C. (1980). "Colorimetric decision of phospholipids with ammonium ferrothiocyanate". Anal. Biochem. 104 (one): 10–fourteen. doi:10.1016/0003-2697(80)90269-9. PMID 6892980.